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Which patient would be most at risk for developing an infection?
An older adult with several chronic illnesses
An infant who has just received first immunizations
An adolescent who had a basketball physical
A middle-aged adult with joint pain and stiffness
The correct answer is: An older adult with several chronic illnesses
The correct answer highlights that an older adult with several chronic illnesses is most at risk for developing an infection due to several factors. Older adults often experience age-related changes in the immune system, which can lead to a decreased ability to respond to infections. Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory conditions can further compromise immune function, creating an environment where pathogens can more easily invade and proliferate. In addition to these physiological factors, older adults may also have impaired mobility and reduced skin integrity, which can increase their vulnerability to infections. The presence of multiple chronic conditions can lead to frequent hospitalizations or medical interventions, which often expose patients to pathogens in healthcare environments, increasing their risk of acquiring infections. The other scenarios present lower risk contexts. For instance, infants, even though they are starting their vaccination schedule, typically develop a stronger immune response post-immunization, and initial vaccinations help protect them. Adolescents who are physically active, such as participating in sports, usually have a well-functioning immune system, while a middle-aged adult with joint pain and stiffness may not necessarily have a compromised immune system unless other conditions are present. Collectively, these considerations emphasize why the older adult with chronic illnesses is at the highest risk for infections.